diff --git a/backend/local/local_internal_diskfull_windows_test.go b/backend/local/local_internal_diskfull_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..794c74db7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/local/local_internal_diskfull_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func TestUpdateFatalIfNoSpaceWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+	}{
+		{"ERROR_DISK_FULL", windows.ERROR_DISK_FULL},
+		{"openat PathError", &os.PathError{Op: "openat", Path: "test.txt", Err: windows.ERROR_DISK_FULL}},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Run("off", func(t *testing.T) {
+				err := updateWithReader(t, false, test.err)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.False(t, fserrors.IsFatalError(err))
+			})
+			t.Run("on", func(t *testing.T) {
+				err := updateWithReader(t, true, test.err)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.True(t, fserrors.IsFatalError(err))
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/fs/fserrors/enospc_error.go b/fs/fserrors/enospc_error.go
index bbb424e46..1ec5e44cf 100644
--- a/fs/fserrors/enospc_error.go
+++ b/fs/fserrors/enospc_error.go
@@ -3,16 +3,24 @@
 package fserrors
 
 import (
+	"slices"
 	"syscall"
 
 	liberrors "github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/errors"
 )
 
+// noSpaceErrors are the errors which mean the disk is full.
+//
+// Platform specific files add to this list in their init functions.
+var noSpaceErrors = []error{
+	syscall.ENOSPC,
+}
+
 // IsErrNoSpace checks a possibly wrapped error to
-// see if it contains a ENOSPC error
+// see if it contains an out of space error.
 func IsErrNoSpace(cause error) (isNoSpc bool) {
 	liberrors.Walk(cause, func(c error) bool {
-		if c == syscall.ENOSPC {
+		if slices.Contains(noSpaceErrors, c) {
 			isNoSpc = true
 			return true
 		}
diff --git a/fs/fserrors/enospc_error_windows.go b/fs/fserrors/enospc_error_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ad7dc024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/fserrors/enospc_error_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package fserrors
+
+import (
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	// Windows does not return syscall.ENOSPC, which Go defines here as a
+	// value in its application reserved range. A full disk reports these.
+	// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/system-error-codes--0-499-
+	noSpaceErrors = append(noSpaceErrors,
+		windows.ERROR_DISK_FULL,
+		windows.ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL,
+	)
+}
diff --git a/fs/fserrors/enospc_error_windows_test.go b/fs/fserrors/enospc_error_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a55756b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/fserrors/enospc_error_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package fserrors
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func TestIsErrNoSpaceRealWindowsError(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	dirp, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot convert the temporary directory path: %v", err)
+	}
+	var available, total, free uint64
+	if err := windows.GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(dirp, &available, &total, &free); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot read the free space of the temporary directory: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(dir, "truncate"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { require.NoError(t, f.Close()) }()
+
+	err = f.Truncate(int64(free + 1<<30))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Skip("real Windows disk-full error coverage lost: volume did not enforce the free-space limit when truncating the file")
+	}
+	assert.True(t, IsErrNoSpace(err), "error = %v", err)
+}
+
+func TestIsErrNoSpaceWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"syscall.ENOSPC", syscall.ENOSPC, true},
+		{"ERROR_DISK_FULL", windows.ERROR_DISK_FULL, true},
+		{"ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL", windows.ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL, true},
+		{"openat PathError", &os.PathError{Op: "openat", Path: "file", Err: windows.ERROR_DISK_FULL}, true},
+		{"mkdirat PathError", &os.PathError{Op: "mkdirat", Path: "dir", Err: windows.ERROR_DISK_FULL}, true},
+		{"SyscallError", os.NewSyscallError("write", windows.ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL), true},
+		{"ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED", windows.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED, false},
+		{"access denied PathError", &os.PathError{Op: "openat", Path: "file", Err: windows.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED}, false},
+		{"nil", nil, false},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, test.want, IsErrNoSpace(test.err))
+		})
+	}
+}